Discrete Stochastic Processes

Stochastic processes are found in probabilistic systems that evolve with time. Discrete stochastic processes change by only integer time steps (for some time scale), or are characterized by discrete occurrences at arbitrary times. This text aims to develop the reader's understanding and intuition necessary to apply stochastic process theory in engineering, science and operations research. It approaches the subject via many simple examples which build insight into the structure of stochastic processes and the general effect of these phenomena in real systems. Numerous examples are given to show how results fail to hold when all the conditions are not satisfied.